Printability of Pineapple Leaf Fibre/Polylactic Acid (PLAF/PLA) Filament in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) using Taguchi Method

Abstract

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is particularly valued for its cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity. There is a widely adopted 3D printing technology for enterprise additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping. This technique is applicable to various thermoplastic polymers, including the environmentally sustainable polylactic acid (PLA). Recently, natural fibres (NFs), such as kenaf, abaca, sugar palm fibre, and pineapple leaf fibre (PALF), have gained recognition as reinforcing agents in FDM filaments due to the advantageous properties, low cost, and wide availability. This research uses the Taguchi method to examine the effect of printing method parameters on the mechanical performance of PALF/PLA composites. The experimental model was organized into three stages of printing parameters: layer thickness, printing speed, and infill density. The outcomes indicate that the optimal parameter combination for achieving superior mechanical properties in PALF/PLA composites comprises a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a printing speed of 25 mm/s, and a 100% infill density. Therefore, infill density was the most significant factor affecting mechanical strength. The enhanced mechanical performance of PALF/PLA composites was achieved with consistent optimal printing parameters. These findings highlight the need for sustainable product design, particularly in the automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods sectors, given the potential of PALF/PLA composites for structural and load-bearing applications.